Table of Contents
1 Introduction 1
1.1 Scope of this book 1
1.2 The incremental approach 1
1.3 The importance of fully involving the community 1
1.4 The importance of sanitation and hygiene 2
2 Design capacity 4
3 Sources of water 8
3.1 Introduction 8
3.2 Rainwater 13
3.3 Groundwater 19
3.4 Surface water 54
3.5 Disinfection after construction 65
3.6 Checking the yield of a source 68
4 Raising water 71
4.1 Introduction 71
4.2 Human powered systems of raising water 71
4.3 Wind powered pumps 84
4.4 Water powered pumps 87
4.5 Engine and motor powered pumps 88
5 Storage 93
5.1 Introduction 93
5.2 Dams 93
5.3 Storage tanks 94
5.4 Storage in the home 98
6 Water treatment 100
6.1 Introduction 100
6.2 Screening 100
6.3 Storage and sedimentation 101
6.4 Filtration 105
6.5 Disinfection 109
6.6 Aeration and removal of iron, manganese, tastes and odours 113
6.7 Removal of salt 113
6.8 Removal of fluoride 114
6.9 Removal of arsenic 114
7 Piped water distribution 115
7.1 Introduction 115
7.2 House and yard connections 115
7.3 Public water points 116
7.4 Pipeline materials, design and laying 119
Appendices 123
1 Cross-references to core books 123
2 Technical Briefs relating to water supply and associated issues 129
3 Sources of information on the worldwide web 131
4 Units of measurement 135
References and bibliography 137
Six core references 137
Other relevant publications 138
Other works cited 139
